You are left to presume that the receiver either successfully receives and understands the message or does not. Although the receiver is included in the model, this role is viewed as more of a target or endpoint rather than part of an ongoing process. This model focuses on the sender and message within a communication encounter. The transmission model of communication describes communication as a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver (Ellis & McClintock, 1990). If your roommate has headphones on and is engrossed in a video game, you may need to get their attention by waving your hands before you can ask them about dinner.
While communication can be sent and received using any sensory route (sight, smell, touch, taste, or sound), most communication occurs through visual (sight) and/or auditory (sound) channels. Encoded messages are sent through a channel, or a sensory route, on which a message travels to the receiver for decoding. Of course, you don’t just communicate verbally-you have various options, or channels, for communication.
Do you want to get pizza tonight?” As your roommate receives the message, they decode your communication and turn it back into thoughts to make meaning. For example, you may realize you’re hungry and encode the following message to send to your roommate: “I’m hungry. Decoding is the process of turning communication into thoughts. The audience then ‘decodes’, or interprets, the message for themselves. The encoder should also take into account any ‘noise’ that might interfere with their message, such as other messages, distractions, or influences. The level of conscious thought that goes into encoding messages may vary. The encoder uses a ‘medium’ to send the message - a phone call, email, text message, face-to-face meeting, or other communication tools. As represented in the video below, the encoder must determine how the message will be received by the audience, and make adjustments so the message is received the way they want it to be received.Įncoding is the process of turning thoughts into communication. The encoder is the person who develops and sends the message. In basic terms, humans communicate through a process of encoding and decoding.
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